Minimum acceptable diet in a cohort of children aged between 6 and 15 months: Complementary feeding assessment and associated factors in the Brazilian western Amazon.

OBJECTIVE: The goal of the article was to assess complementary feeding patterns, and associated factors, of children between 6 and 15-month old in Rio Branco-Acre, Brazil, based on the minimum acceptable diet indicator. METHODS: This study was cross-sectional, including 857 children between ages 6 and 15 mo, from a 2015 birth cohort of Rio Branco, Brazil. The prevalence of complementary feeding indicators, minimum meal frequency, minimum dietary diversity, and minimum acceptable diet was estimated based on the recommendations of the World Health Organization. Sociodemographic characteristics, infant and maternal habits, prenatal information, birth characteristics, breastfeeding, and complementary feeding were evaluated. Differences between the proportions were evaluated by the χ2 test and univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses, to determine associated factors with child minimum acceptable diet. RESULTS: The minimum frequencies of meals and dietary diversity were observed in 81.0% and 51.8% of the children, respectively. The minimum acceptable diet prevalence was 47.1%. Also, minimum acceptable diet was inversely associated with C, D, and E social classes (adjusted odds ratio = 0.49; 95% CI, 0.33-0.72), number of living siblings (adjusted odds ratio for two or three children = 0.69; 95% CI, 0.48-0.98, and adjusted odds ratio for ≥ 4 children = 0.56; 95% CI, 0.37-0.84). Maternal regular consumption of fruits, vegetables, and legumes (adjusted odds ratio = 2.62; 95% CI, 1.69-4.05), child age from 12 to 15 mo (adjusted odds ratio = 2.05; 95% CI, 1.32-3.18), and receiving guidance regarding complementary feeding during postnatal consultations (adjusted odds ratio = 1.38; 95% CI, 1.03-1.86) were directly associated with minimum acceptable diet. CONCLUSIONS: Fewer than 50% of the children received adequate food with adequate frequency and diversity. Low socioeconomic status and having ≥ 2 living siblings reduced the chance of minimum acceptable diet, whereas maternal healthy diet, child age (12-15 mo), and complementary feeding counseling during postnatal appointments increased the chance of minimum acceptable diet.

Effect of prenatal care quality on the risk of low birth weight, preterm birth and vertical transmission of HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis.

BACKGROUND: Averse birth-outcomes still affect newborns worldwide. Although high-quality prenatal care is the main strategy to prevent these outcomes, the effect of prenatal care based on Kotelchuck index combined with consultation contents is still unclear. Thus, this article to evaluate the effect of the quality of prenatal care (PC) process on birth indicators in a cohort of puerperaes who attended maternity hospitals in Brazilian western Amazon, city of Rio Branco, in the state of Acre, Brazil, in 2015. METHODS: This research was a hospital-based cohort study. The sample consisted of 1,030 women who gave birth in maternity hospitals in the city between April 6 and June 30, 2015. This research was a hospital-based cohort study. The sample consisted of 1,030 women who gave birth in maternity hospitals in Rio Branco between April 6th. and June 30th., 2015. Prenatal care was classified as fully adequate when started ≤4th month; ≥80.0-109% expected consultations for GA according to the Kotelchuck Index; ≥5 records of blood pressure, weight, GA, fundal height, ≥4 records of fetal heart rate, fetal movements or equivalent to 75% of the number of consultations; in addition to recording ABO/RH, hemoglobin, VDRL, urine, glucose, anti-HIV and anti-toxoplamosis during the 1st trimester. The evaluated outcomes were low birth weight (LBW), preterm birth and vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/hepatitis/syphilis. Differences between proportions were assessed using the X² test, and the crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) (95% CI) were estimated using unconditional logistic regression. RESULTS: Overall cohort, the outcomes incidences were 8.8% for LBW, 9.2% for preterm birth, and 1.1% for vertical transmission (syphilis/HIV/hepatitis). Crude and adjusted OR showed that inadequate PC increased the risk statistically significant of LBW (ORcrude: 1.84; 95%CI: 0.99-3.44; ORadjusted: 1.87; 95%CI: 1.00-3.52), and preterm birth (ORcrude: 1.79; 95%CI: 1.00-3.29; ORadjusted: 3.98; 95%CI: 1.40-11.29). CONCLUSION: The results draw attention to the importance of quality PC in reducing the risks of LBW, preterm birth, and vertical transmission of syphilis/HIV/hepatitis. Moreover, using this proposed quality prenatal care indicator based on Kotelchuck index combined with consultations contents adjusted by GA may accurately predict unfavorable outcomes.

Time Trend of Overweight and Obesity in Adults from Rio Branco, Acre, Western Brazilian Amazon (2006-2020).

This study aimed to analyze overweight trend and obesity in adults from Rio Branco, Acre, Western Brazilian Amazon, from 2006 to 2020. This is a time series study, with data from Surveillance System for Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey (VIGITEL). To estimate annual percentage change (APC) and 95% confidence intervals, the software Jointpoint Regression Analysis v.4.6.0.0., was used. In Rio Branco, overweight prevalence ranged from 44.0% in 2006 to 58.9% in 2020, with a bigger frequency among men than that among women. Obesity prevalence has increased from 12.5% in 2006 to 21.4% in 2020, similar between both sexes. From 2006 to 2020, overweight APC was 5.2% (95% CI: 1.4; 9.1) by 2010, and decreased to 1.3% by 2020. Public policies to control obesity and its risks must be both, implemented as strengthened.